David Abulafia ends his engaging survey of the first encounters between Europeans and the indigenous peoples of the New World with the words of the prophet Malachi: 'Have we not all one father? Has not one God created us?' This question, with its corollary, 'Why do we deal treacherously, every man against his brother, profaning the covenant of our forefathers?' looms large in his book, just as it did in the minds of more thoughtful 16th-century Europeans as they became aware that the world was more diverse and more crowded than their forefathers could ever have imagined.

LRB 3 July 2008 | PDF Download