Historical progress is back, even if it was only in some genres of academic history that it ever went away. It's been some time, certainly, since historians of art saw painting as a triumphal progress from Titian to Tracey Emin, or historians of music celebrated a linear ascent in compositional quality from Bach to Birtwistle. It was, perhaps, in political history that historians first recognised their job to be something like interpreting the past in its own terms, warning themselves against the tendency to award points to past actors insofar as their thinking anticipated the present. What Herbert Butterfield in 1931 called 'the Whig interpretation of history' counted as much as a prescription of what historians should avoid as a description of how history had been written in the bad old days.

LRB 30 November 2006 | PDF Download