Alexander Murray writes:

Young men who join gangs are participating in an alternative system of social cohesion. Each gang upholds its collective will through a range of penalties which include death, torture and mutilation, and keeps poverty at bay by theft and the sale of contraband, or, in more mature organisations, by kidnap and racketeering. In time, leadership concentrates in the man whose mastery of the idiom is the most complete, and he becomes the 'godfather', his authority protected, outside his immediate family, by a perimeter wall of terror.

(LRB 30 April 2009)

Princeton | hardback 677 pp. |ISBN: 9780691137087