When Lucy Snowe goes to the theatre in Villette, she is entranced by the performance of the great actress Vashti, a plain, frail woman 'torn by seven devils', a 'spirit out of Tophet' delighting her audience with a glimpse of hell. Vashti is easily identified as the tragedian Elisa Rachel, whom Charlotte Brontë had seen in London in 1851. Sarah Bernhardt may be better known today, but it was Rachel who haunted the English literary imagination throughout the 19th century. In James's The Tragic Muse, the Jewish Cockney actress Miriam Rooth claims to be in the same style as 'that woman', and George Eliot's Gwendolen Harleth foolishly thinks of herself as destined for stardom because she is more beautiful than the 'thin Jewess'.

LRB 18 August 1994 | PDF Download